Li-stabilizer tsa PVCke di-additi tse sebediswang ho ntlafatsa botsitso ba mocheso ba polyvinyl chloride (PVC) le di-copolymer tsa yona. Bakeng sa dipolasetiki tsa PVC, haeba mocheso wa tshebetso o feta 160℃, ho bola ha mocheso ho tla etsahala mme kgase ya HCl e tla hlahiswa. Haeba e sa hatellwe, ho bola hona ha mocheso ho tla mpefala le ho feta, ho susumetsa ntshetsopele le tshebediso ya dipolasetiki tsa PVC.
Lithuto li fumane hore haeba li-plastiki tsa PVC li na le letsoai le lenyenyane la loto, sesepa sa tšepe, phenol, amine e nkhang hamonate le litšila tse ling, ts'ebetso le ts'ebeliso ea eona li ke ke tsa ameha, leha ho le joalo, ho bola ha eona mochesong ho ka fokotsoa ho isa bohōleng bo itseng. Lithuto tsena li khothalletsa ho thehoa le nts'etsopele e tsoelang pele ea li-stabilizer tsa PVC.
Li-stabilizer tse tloaelehileng tsa PVC li kenyelletsa li-stabilizer tsa organotin, li-stabilizer tsa letsoai la tšepe, le li-stabilizer tsa letsoai tse sa tloaelehang. Li-stabilizer tsa Organotin li sebelisoa haholo tlhahisong ea lihlahisoa tsa PVC ka lebaka la ho pepeneneng ha tsona, ho hanyetsa boemo ba leholimo hantle, le ho lumellana ha tsona. Li-stabilizer tsa letsoai la tšepe hangata li sebelisa letsoai la calcium, zinc, kapa barium, tse ka fanang ka botsitso bo betere ba mocheso. Li-stabilizer tsa letsoai tse sa tloaelehang tse kang tribasic lead sulfate, dibasic lead phosphite, jj. li na le botsitso ba nako e telele le ho thibela motlakase hantle. Ha u khetha setabilizer se loketseng sa PVC, u hloka ho nahana ka maemo a ts'ebeliso ea lihlahisoa tsa PVC le thepa e hlokahalang ea botsitso. Li-stabilizer tse fapaneng li tla ama ts'ebetso ea lihlahisoa tsa PVC 'meleng le lik'hemik'hale, kahoo ho hlokahala tlhahiso le liteko tse tiileng ho netefatsa hore li-stabilizer lia tšoaneleha. Selelekela le papiso e qaqileng ea li-stabilizer tse fapaneng tsa PVC ke tse latelang:
Sehatsetsi sa Organotin:Li-stabilizer tsa Organotin ke li-stabilizer tse sebetsang hantle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa PVC. Metsoako ea tsona ke lihlahisoa tsa karabelo ea li-oxide tsa organotin kapa li-chloride tsa organotin tse nang le li-acid kapa li-ester tse loketseng.
Li-stabilizer tsa Organotin li arotsoe ka tse nang le sebabole le tse se nang sebabole. Ho tsitsa ha li-stabilizer tse nang le sebabole hoa ikhetha, empa ho na le mathata a tatso le ho daea ho tšoanang le metsoako e meng e nang le sebabole. Li-stabilizer tsa organotin tse seng tsa sebabole hangata li thehiloe ho maleic acid kapa halofo ea maleic acid esters. Li ratali-stabilizer tsa methyl tinha li sebetse hantle hahololi-stabilizer tsa mochesoka botsitso bo betere ba leseli.
Li-stabilizer tsa Organotin li sebelisoa haholo-holo ho liphutheloana tsa lijo le lihlahisoa tse ling tse bonaletsang tsa PVC joalo ka liphaephe tse bonaletsang.
Li-Tsitsifatso tsa Lead:Li-stabilizer tse tloaelehileng tsa loto li kenyelletsa metsoako e latelang: dibasic lead stearate, hydrated tribasic lead sulfate, dibasic lead phthalate, le dibasic lead phosphate.
Jwalo ka di-stabilizer tsa mocheso, metswako ya loto e ke ke ya senya thepa e ntle ya motlakase, ho monyela metsi hanyane, le ho hanyetsa maemo a lehodimo a kantle a thepa ya PVC.li-stabilizer tsa lotoba na le mathata a kang:
- Ho ba le chefo;
- Tšilafalo e tšelang, haholo-holo ka sebabole;
- Ho hlahisa chloride e lohiloeng, e tla etsa mela hodima dihlahiswa tse fedisitsweng;
- Karolelano e boima, e fellang ka karolelano e sa kgotsofatsang ya boima/bophahamo.
- Hangata di-stabilizer tsa loto di etsa hore dihlahiswa tsa PVC di se ke tsa bonahala hanghang mme di fetohe mmala kapele kamora mocheso o sa feleng.
Ho sa tsotellehe mathata ana, di-stabilizer tsa loto di ntse di sebediswa haholo. Bakeng sa ho thibela motlakase, di-stabilizer tsa loto di a ratwa. Ka lebaka la phello ya yona e akaretsang, dihlahiswa tse ngata tse tenyetsehang le tse thata tsa PVC di a fumaneha jwalo ka di-cable outer layers, di-hardboard tsa PVC tse sa bonahaleng, diphaephe tse thata, matlalo a maiketsetso le di-injector.
Li-stabilizer tsa letsoai la tšepe: Li-stabilizer tsa letsoai tse tsoakiloeng tsa tšepeke metsoako e mengata e fapaneng, hangata e entsoeng ho latela lits'ebetso le basebelisi ba itseng ba PVC. Mofuta ona oa stabilizer o fetohile ho tloha ho eketsoeng ha barium succinate le cadmium palm acid feela ho ea ho motsoako oa 'mele oa sesepa sa barium, sesepa sa cadmium, sesepa sa zinki le phosphite ea tlhaho, ka li-antioxidants, li-solvents, li-extenders, li-plasticizers, li-colorants, li-UV absorbers, li-brighteners, li-agent tsa taolo ea viscosity, li-lubricants le litatso tsa maiketsetso. Ka lebaka leo, ho na le lintlha tse ngata tse ka amang phello ea stabilizer ea ho qetela.
Di-stabilizer tsa tshepe, tse kang barium, calcium, le magnesium ha di sireletse mmala wa pele wa thepa ya PVC empa di ka fana ka ho hanyetsa mocheso nako e telele. Thepa ya PVC e tsitsitseng ka tsela ena e qala e le mosehla/lamunu, ebe butle-butle e fetoha sootho, mme qetellong e ba ntšo kamora mocheso o sa feleng.
Li-stabilizer tsa Cadmium le zinc li ile tsa sebelisoa ka lekhetlo la pele hobane li bonaletsa 'me li ka boloka' mala oa pele oa lihlahisoa tsa PVC. Ho tsitsa ha mocheso ha nako e telele ho fanoang ke li-stabilizer tsa cadmium le zinc ho mpe haholo ho feta ho fanoang ke tsa barium, tse atisang ho senyeha ka ho feletseng ka tšohanyetso ntle le letšoao le lenyenyane kapa ho se be le lona.
Ntle le tekanyo ea tšepe, phello ea li-stabilizer tsa letsoai la tšepe e boetse e amana le metsoako ea tsona ea letsoai, e leng lintlha tse ka sehloohong tse amang litšobotsi tse latelang: ho tlotsa, ho tsamaea, ho pepeneneng, phetoho ea 'mala oa pigment, le botsitso ba mocheso ba PVC. Ka tlase ke li-stabilizer tse 'maloa tse tloaelehileng tsa tšepe e tsoakiloeng: 2-ethylcaproate, phenolate, benzoate, le stearate.
Li-stabilizer tsa letsoai la tšepe li sebelisoa haholo lihlahisoa tse bonolo tsa PVC le lihlahisoa tse bonolo tsa PVC tse bonaletsang joalo ka liphutheloana tsa lijo, lisebelisoa tsa bongaka le liphutheloana tsa meriana.
Nako ea poso: Mphalane-11-2023