Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) ke e 'ngoe ea li-polymer tsa maiketsetso tse sebelisoang haholo lefatšeng ka bophara, ka lits'ebetso tse akaretsang kaho, likoloi, tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, liphutheloana le indasteri ea motlakase. Ho tenyetseha ha eona, ho boloka litšenyehelo hantle, le ho tšoarella ho etsa hore e be ea bohlokoa tlhahisong ea sejoale-joale. Leha ho le joalo, PVC ka tlhaho e kotsing ea ho senyeha tlas'a maemo a itseng a tikoloho le ts'ebetso, e leng se ka behang thepa ea eona ea mechini kotsing, ponahalo le bophelo ba ts'ebeletso. Ho utloisisa mekhoa ea ho senyeha ha PVC le ho kenya tšebetsong maano a sebetsang a ho tsitsisa ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka boleng ba sehlahisoa le ho atolosa nako ea eona ea ts'ebetso. Jwalo ka motho ea sebelisang PVC ho boloka boleng ba sehlahisoa le ho atolosa nako ea sona ea ts'ebetso.Sehatsetsi sa PVCMoetsi ea nang le boiphihlelo ba lilemo tse ngata ho li-additives tsa polymer, TOPJOY CHEMICAL e ikemiselitse ho hlalosa liphephetso tsa ho senyeha ha PVC le ho fana ka litharollo tsa botsitso tse etselitsoeng uena. Blog ena e hlahloba lisosa, ts'ebetso le litharollo tse sebetsang bakeng sa ho senyeha ha PVC, ka ho shebana le karolo ea li-stabilizer tsa mocheso ho sireletseng lihlahisoa tsa PVC.
Mabaka a ho Senyeha ha PVC
Ho senyeha ha PVC ke ts'ebetso e rarahaneng e hlahisoang ke mabaka a mangata a ka hare le a kantle. Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale sa polymer—se khetholloang ka ho pheta-pheta -CH₂-CHCl- diyuniti—se na le mefokolo ea tlhaho e etsang hore e be kotsing ea ho senyeha ha e pepesehetse lintho tse mpe. Lisosa tsa mantlha tsa ho senyeha ha PVC li arotsoe ka tlase:
▼ Ho senyeha ha mocheso
Mocheso ke oona o atileng haholo le o nang le tšusumetso e kholo ea ho senyeha ha PVC. PVC e qala ho bola mochesong o kaholimo ho 100°C, 'me ho senyeha ho hoholo ho etsahala ho 160°C kapa ho feta—lithempereichara tse atisang ho kopana le tsona nakong ea ts'ebetso (mohlala, ho ntša metsi, ho bopa ka ente, ho etsa calendering). Ho senyeha ha mocheso oa PVC ho qalisoa ke ho felisoa ha hydrogen chloride (HCl), e leng karabelo e thusoang ke boteng ba liphoso tsa sebopeho ketane ea polymer, joalo ka allylic chlorines, tertiary chlorines, le litlamo tse sa tlatsoang. Liphoso tsena li sebetsa e le libaka tsa karabelo, li potlakisa ts'ebetso ea dehydrochlorination esita le mochesong o itekanetseng. Lintlha tse kang nako ea ts'ebetso, matla a ho khaola, le li-monomer tse setseng li ka mpefatsa ho senyeha ha mocheso le ho feta.
▼ Ho senyeha ha foto
Ho pepesehela mahlaseli a ultraviolet (UV)—ho tsoa khanyeng ea letsatsi kapa mehloling ea maiketsetso ea UV—ho baka ho bola ha PVC ka photogradation. Mahlaseli a UV a roba maqhama a C-Cl ka har'a ketane ea polymer, a hlahisa li-free radical tse qalang ho arohana ha ketane le ho kopanya lik'hemik'hale. Ts'ebetso ena e lebisa ho fifaleng ha 'mala (ho ba mosehla kapa ho sootho), ho tjheka holim'a tjhoko, ho teneha, le ho lahleheloa ke matla a ho thapolla. Lihlahisoa tsa PVC tsa kantle, tse kang liphaephe, siding, le lera la marulelo, li kotsing haholo ea ho bola ha photogradation, kaha ho pepesehela UV nako e telele ho sitisa sebopeho sa limolek'hule tsa polymer.
▼ Ho senyeha ha oksijene
Oksijene e sepakapakeng e sebelisana le PVC ho baka ho senyeha ha oxidative, e leng ts'ebetso eo hangata e sebelisanang le mocheso le ho bola ha photogradation. Li-free radical tse hlahisoang ke mocheso kapa mahlaseli a UV li arabela le oksijene ho etsa li-peroxyl radicals, tse hlaselang ketane ea polymer hape, e leng se lebisang ho khaoloeng ha ketane, ho hokahana ha li-cross, le ho thehoa ha lihlopha tse sebetsang tse nang le oksijene (mohlala, carbonyl, hydroxyl). Ho senyeha ha oxidative ho potlakisa tahlehelo ea ho tenyetseha ha PVC le botšepehi ba mechini, ho etsa hore lihlahisoa li be bonolo le ho petsoha habonolo.
▼ Ho senyeha ha lik'hemik'hale le tikoloho
PVC e angoa habonolo ke tlhaselo ea lik'hemik'hale ke li-acid, li-base le li-solvent tse itseng tsa tlhaho. Li-acid tse matla li ka susumetsa karabelo ea dehydrochlorination, ha li-base li arabela le polymer ho roba likhokahano tsa ester mefuteng ea PVC e entsoeng ka polasetiki. Ho feta moo, mabaka a tikoloho a kang mongobo, ozone le litšila a ka potlakisa ho senyeha ka ho theha tikoloho e senyang e potolohileng polymer. Mohlala, mongobo o phahameng o eketsa sekhahla sa hydrolysis ea HCl, e leng se senyang sebopeho sa PVC le ho feta.
Mokhoa oa ho Senyeha ha PVC
Ho senyeha ha PVC ho latela ts'ebetso e latellanang, e ikemetseng e hlahang ka mekhahlelo e fapaneng, ho qala ka ho felisoa ha HCl le ho tsoela pele ho ea ho senyeha ha ketane le ho senyeha ha sehlahisoa:
▼ Mokhahlelo oa ho Qala
Ts'ebetso ea ho senyeha e qala ka ho thehoa ha libaka tse sebetsang ka har'a ketane ea PVC, hangata e bakoang ke mocheso, mahlaseli a UV, kapa litšusumetso tsa lik'hemik'hale. Liphoso tsa sebopeho ho polymer—joalo ka li-chlorine tsa allylic tse entsoeng nakong ea polymerization—ke lintlha tsa mantlha tsa ho qala. Lithempereichara tse phahameng, liphoso tsena li feta karohanong ea homolytic, e leng se hlahisang li-radical tsa vinyl chloride le HCl. Mahlaseli a UV ka ho tšoanang a roba maqhama a C-Cl ho theha li-radical tse lokolohileng, e leng se qalang ho senyeha ha sekhahla.
▼ Mokhahlelo oa ho Ikatisa
Hang ha e qaliloe, ts'ebetso ea ho senyeha e ata ka autocatalysis. HCl e lokollotsoeng e sebetsa e le catalyst, e potlakisa ho felisoa ha limolek'hule tse ling tsa HCl ho tsoa liyuniti tsa monomer tse haufi ka har'a ketane ea polymer. Sena se lebisa ho thehoeng ha tatellano ea polyene e kopantsoeng (litlamo tse peli tse arolelanoang) ka har'a ketane, tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho ba mosehla le ho sootho ha lihlahisoa tsa PVC. Ha tatellano ea polyene e ntse e hola, ketane ea polymer e ba thata le ho tetebela haholoanyane. Ka nako e le 'ngoe, li-radical tse lokolohileng tse hlahisoang nakong ea qalo li arabela le oksijene ho khothaletsa ho phatloha ha ketane ea oxidative, li ntse li qhaqha polymer ka ho eketsehileng hore e be likotoana tse nyane.
▼ Mokhahlelo oa ho Fela
Ho senyeha hoa fela ha di-free radicals di kopana hape kapa di arabela le di-agent tse tsitsisang (haeba di le teng). Ha ho se na di-stabilizer, ho fela ho etsahala ka ho hokela diketane tsa polymer, e leng se lebisang ho thehoeng ha marangrang a robehang, a sa qhibiliheng. Mokhahlelo ona o tshwantshwa le ho senyeha ho hoholo ha thepa ya mechini, ho kenyeletswa le tahlehelo ya matla a ho kgomarela, ho hanyetsa tshusumetso le ho tenyetseha. Qetellong, sehlahiswa sa PVC ha se sebetse, se hlokang ho nkelwa sebaka.
Litharollo tsa ho Tsitsisa PVC: Karolo ea Litsitsisa Mocheso
Ho tsitsisa PVC ho kenyelletsa ho eketsoa ha di-additives tse ikgethang tse thibelang kapa tse diehisang ho senyeha ka ho shebana le mehato ya ho qala le ho ata ha tshebetso. Har'a di-additives tsena, di-stabilizer tsa mocheso ke tsa bohlokwa ka ho fetisisa, kaha ho senyeha ha mocheso ke ntho ya bohlokwa nakong ya tshebetso le tshebeletso ya PVC. Jwalo ka moetsi wa di-stabilizer tsa PVC,K'hemik'hale ea TOPJOYe ntshetsa pele le ho fana ka mefuta e mengata e felletseng ya di-stabilizer tsa mocheso tse etseditsweng ditshebediso tse fapaneng tsa PVC, e netefatsa tshebetso e ntle tlasa maemo a fapaneng.
▼ Mefuta ea Li-Stabilizer tsa Mocheso le Mekhoa ea Tsona
Li-stabilizer tsa mochesoe sebetsa ka mekhoa e mengata, ho kenyeletsoa ho tlosa HCl, ho fokotsa li-free radicals, ho nkela li-chlorine tse thata sebaka, le ho thibela ho thehoa ha polyene. Mefuta e meholo ea li-heat stabilizer tse sebelisoang mefuteng ea PVC ke tse latelang:
▼ Li-Stabilizer tse Thehiloeng ho Loto
Li-stabilizer tse thehiloeng ho loto (mohlala, li-stearate tsa loto, li-oxide tsa loto) li ne li sebelisoa haholo historing ka lebaka la botsitso ba tsona bo botle ba mocheso, ho boloka litšenyehelo hantle, le ho lumellana le PVC. Li sebetsa ka ho tlosa HCl le ho etsa metsoako e tsitsitseng ea loto ea chloride, ho thibela ho senyeha ha autocatalytic. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la matšoenyeho a tikoloho le bophelo bo botle (chefo ea loto), li-stabilizer tse thehiloeng ho loto li ntse li thibeloa ka ho eketsehileng ke melaoana e kang litaelo tsa EU tsa REACH le RoHS. TOPJOY CHEMICAL e felisitse lihlahisoa tse thehiloeng ho loto 'me e shebane le ho nts'etsapele mekhoa e meng e bolokang tikoloho.
▼ Li-Stabilizer tsa Calcium-Zinc (Ca-Zn)
Li-stabilizer tsa calcium-zincke mekhoa e meng e seng chefo, e sireletsang tikoloho ho feta di-stabilizer tse thehilweng hodima loto, e leng se etsang hore e be tse loketseng bakeng sa dijo tse kopanang, tsa bongaka le tsa bana. Di sebetsa ka tsela e tshwanang: matswai a calcium a fedisa HCl, ha matswai a zinc a nkela di-chlorine tse labile ka hara ketane ya PVC, a thibela ho ntsha chlorine. Di-stabilizer tsa TOPJOY CHEMICAL tse sebetsang hantle di entswe ka di-co-stabilizer tse ntjha (mohlala, oli ya soya e nang le epoxidized, polyols) ho ntlafatsa botsitso ba mocheso le tshebetso ya ho sebetsa, ho sebetsana le mefokolo ya setso ya ditsamaiso tsa Ca-Zn (mohlala, botsitso bo bobe ba nako e telele maemong a lehodimo).
▼ Li-Stabilizer tsa Organotin
Li-stabilizer tsa Organotin (mohlala, methyltin, butyltin) li fana ka botsitso bo ikhethang ba mocheso le ponaletso, e leng se etsang hore li lokele lits'ebetso tsa maemo a holimo joalo ka liphaephe tse thata tsa PVC, lifilimi tse hlakileng le lisebelisoa tsa bongaka. Li sebetsa ka ho nkela li-chlorine tse thata sebaka ka litlamo tse tsitsitseng tsa tin-carbon le ho tlosa HCl. Leha li-stabilizer tsa organotin li sebetsa hantle, litšenyehelo tsa tsona tse phahameng le tšusumetso e ka bang teng tikolohong li susumelitse tlhoko ea mekhoa e meng e bolokang litšenyehelo. TOPJOY CHEMICAL e fana ka li-stabilizer tsa organotin tse fetotsoeng tse leka-lekanyang ts'ebetso le litšenyehelo, tse khotsofatsang litlhoko tse ikhethileng tsa indasteri.
▼ Li-Stabilizer tse ling tsa mocheso
Mefuta e meng ea li-heat stabilizer e kenyelletsali-stabilizer tsa barium-cadmium (Ba-Cd)(hona joale e thibetsoe ka lebaka la chefo ea cadmium), li-stabilizer tsa lefats'e tse sa tloaelehang (tse fanang ka botsitso bo botle ba mocheso le ponaletso), le li-stabilizer tsa tlhaho (mohlala, li-phenol tse sitisitsoeng, li-phosphite) tse sebetsang e le li-free radical scavengers. Sehlopha sa R&D sa TOPJOY CHEMICAL se tsoela pele ho hlahloba lik'hemik'hale tse ncha tsa stabilizer ho fihlela litlhoko tse ntseng li fetoha tsa taolo le tsa 'maraka bakeng sa botsitso le ts'ebetso.
Maano a Kopantsoeng a ho Tsitsisa
Ho tsitsisa PVC ka katleho ho hloka mokhoa o akaretsang o kopanyang li-stabilizer tsa mocheso le lintho tse ling tse tlatsetsang ho sebetsana le litsela tse ngata tsa ho senyeha. Mohlala:
• Li-UV Stabilizer:Ha li kopantsoe le li-stabilizer tsa mocheso, li-UV absorbers (mohlala, benzophenones, benzotriazoles) le li-stabilizer tsa leseli tse thibelitsoeng tsa amine (HALS) li sireletsa lihlahisoa tsa PVC tsa kantle ho bola ha photogradation. TOPJOY CHEMICAL e fana ka litsamaiso tsa stabilizer tse kopaneng tse kopanyang mocheso le botsitso ba UV bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa kantle tse kang liprofaele tsa PVC le liphaephe.
• Lisebelisoa tsa polasetiki:Ho PVC e entsoeng ka polasetiki (mohlala, likhoele, lifilimi tse tenyetsehang), li-plasticizer li ntlafatsa ho tenyetseha empa li ka potlakisa ho senyeha. TOPJOY CHEMICAL e etsa li-stabilizer tse lumellanang le li-plasticizer tse fapaneng, e netefatsang botsitso ba nako e telele ntle le ho beha ho tenyetseha kotsing.
• Li-antioxidants:Li-antioxidants tsa phenolic le phosphite li tlosa li-free radical tse hlahisoang ke oxidation, li sebelisana le li-heat stabilizers ho lelefatsa bophelo ba tšebeletso ea lihlahisoa tsa PVC.
TOPJOYLik'hemik'haleLitharollo tsa Tsitsiso
Jwalo ka moetsi ya ka sehloohong wa PVC stabilizer, TOPJOY CHEMICAL e sebedisa bokgoni bo tswetseng pele ba R&D le boiphihlelo ba indasteri ho fana ka ditharollo tse ikgethileng tsa botsitso bakeng sa ditshebediso tse fapaneng. Potefolio ya rona ya dihlahiswa e kenyeletsa:
• Li-stabilizer tsa Ca-Zn tse Sireletsang Tikoloho:E etselitsoe ho kopana le lijo, bongaka le lits'ebetso tsa ho bapala, li-stabilizer tsena li latela litekanyetso tsa taolo ea lefats'e 'me li fana ka botsitso bo botle ba mocheso le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso.
• Li-Stabilizer tsa Mocheso o Phahameng:Lihlahisoa tsena li etselitsoe ts'ebetso e thata ea PVC (mohlala, ho ntšoa ha liphaephe, li-fittings) le libaka tsa ts'ebeletso tse mocheso o phahameng, li thibela ho senyeha nakong ea ts'ebetso le ho eketsa bophelo ba sehlahisoa.
• Mekhoa ea ho Tsitsisa e Kopantsoeng:Litharollo tse kopaneng tse kopanyang mocheso, UV le botsitso ba oxidative bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa kantle le tikoloho e thata, e fokotsang ho rarahana ha tlhahiso bakeng sa bareki.
Sehlopha sa botekgeniki sa TOPJOY CHEMICAL se sebetsa haufi-ufi le bareki ho ntlafatsa diforomo tsa PVC, ho netefatsa hore dihlahiswa di fihlela ditlhoko tsa tshebetso ha di ntse di latela melao ya tikoloho. Boitlamo ba rona ba boqapi bo kganna ntshetsopele ya di-stabilizer tsa moloko o latelang tse fanang ka bokgoni bo ntlafetseng, botsitso le katleho ya ditjeo.
Nako ea poso: Pherekhong-06-2026